Juniper is a type of tree belonging to the Pinaceae family and the Juniper genus (Alnus). There are many types of juniper trees around the world, and they have some common characteristics such as:




 Shape and size: The juniper tree is characterized as a medium to large sized tree. It has one strong trunk and branched branches.


Leaves: Juniper leaves are oval in shape and serrated on the edges. It may be light to dark green in color, and falls in the fall.


Flowers and fruits: The juniper tree grows small flowers of various colors. The flowers grow in the form of acacias on the branches. The flowers develop into small fruits containing seeds.


Habitat and spread: Juniper trees are found in various regions around the world, including Europe, Asia, and North America. Juniper prefers to grow near water, such as rivers and lakes.


Juniper trees are ecologically important, as their root system contributes to soil stabilization and preventing soil erosion and erosion. They also provide shelter and food for many living creatures, including animals and birds.


Juniper tree (Alnus) includes several different species, and among the common species that can be mentioned are:


1. Black Juniper (Alnus glutinosa): Black Juniper is one of the most common types of juniper trees. It has the following characteristics:

   - It reaches a height of about 25-30 meters.

   The inner color of the bark is red or brown.

   - The leaves are oval in shape, with serrated edges and a shiny surface. They are dark green in the summer and turn yellow in the fall before falling.

   - Flowers grow in separate male and female acacias on the same tree.

   The fruits are small clusters of woody scoops that contain small seeds.


2. Red juniper (Alnus rubra): Red juniper is a large, perennial tree. It has the following characteristics:

   - It reaches a height of about 30-35 meters.

   The outer bark of the trunk is brown with deep fissures.

   The leaves are ovate to ovate in shape while resembling black juniper with serrated edges.

   - Flowers grow in separate male and female acacias on the same tree.

   The fruits are woody scoops containing small seeds.


These are some of the exact characteristics of some common types of juniper trees. It should be noted that there are many more species and variations of juniper trees, and the exact characteristics vary from one species to another.